TMDs are usually categorized in one of three ways.


TMDs can cause discomfort and pain that is constant or intermittent, with symptoms that can include:

  • Chronic pain in the face, jaw, neck and shoulders
  • Chronic pain in or around the ear
  • Limited ability to open the mouth wide
  • Difficulty chewing
  • Uncomfortable “bite”
  • Swelling on one or both sides of the face
  • Clicking or popping noises when opening the mouth
  • Headaches and neck aches

Symptoms vary from being barely noticeable to causing seriously debilitating pain. It is also possible that the above symptoms have causes other than TMD.


Treatment for TMD depends on the severity of the condition, and may include:

  • Stress-reduction exercises
  • Muscle relaxants
  • Low-level-laser therapy
  • Mouth protectors to prevent teeth-grinding
  • Changing diet to soft foods
  • Heat or ice packs
  • Avoidance of extreme jaw movements

More extensive corrective treatments include injections for pain relief. If nonsurgical treatment is unsuccessful or if there is joint damage, surgery may be needed. Types of surgery performed for TMD include:

  • Arthrocentesis
  • Arthroscopy
  • Open joint surgery

Although TMD can be a chronic condition, it can be effectively managed with proper treatment.

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